Methods and systems for managing resources on a mobile trading device

ABSTRACT

Certain embodiments provide a method including obtaining data at a first time using at least one sensor associated with a mobile computing device, the at least one sensor arranged to gather data regarding at least one operating factor for the mobile computing device, the mobile computing device configured to receive market data and execute a trading application. The example method includes analyzing the data obtained from the at least one sensor to determine the at least one operating factor. The example method includes determining a first operating state of the mobile computing device based on the at least one operating factor. The example method includes altering a function of the mobile computing device with respect to the trading application based on the first operating state.

BACKGROUND

An electronic trading system generally includes a trading device incommunication with an electronic exchange. The trading device receivesinformation about a market, such as prices and quantities, from theelectronic exchange. The electronic exchange receives messages, such asmessages related to orders, from the trading device. The electronicexchange attempts to match quantity of an order with quantity of one ormore contra-side orders.

The rapid and dynamic nature of the market coupled with the increasingpopularity of mobile computing devices (e.g. smartphones, tablets, PDAs,etc.), has given rise to the market participant of today utilizingmobile trading devices in place of traditional (e.g., less portable)trading devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Certain embodiments are disclosed with reference to the followingdrawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representative of an exampleelectronic trading system in which certain embodiments may be employed.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of another example electronic tradingsystem in which certain embodiments may be employed.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example mobile computing devicewhich may be used to implement the disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an example operational controlmodule in communication with the mobile computing device.

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to monitor andidentify an appropriate operating state of a user of the trading device.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to identify theoperating environment of the user of the trading device.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method to alter thefunctionality of the trading device based on the operating state.

Certain embodiments will be better understood when read in conjunctionwith the provided figures, which illustrate examples. It should beunderstood, however, that the embodiments are not limited to thearrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As used herein, the terms “user,” “trading device,” “tradingapplication,” “trading platform,” and/or “trader” are employedinterchangeably and generally refer to a party having interactions witha computing device (e.g., a trading application and/or an algorithmictrading strategy) configured to communicate with an electronic exchange.

In recent years, increased processing power has allowed greater amountsof data to be generated and processed for consumption by the user. Forexample, financial markets continue to grow each year as new companies,currencies, and financial products become tradeable assets. When thefinancial market grows, data (e.g., ticker prices, forecasts, statusinformation, etc.) associated with each new tradeable asset is added tothe existing data associated with tradeable assets. Thus, the volume ofdata required to keep a trader informed on relevant tradeable assetscontinues to grow in magnitude. Mobile computing devices provide traderswith the ability to be connected to that volume of data at will but maylack the processing power and/or network bandwidth to efficientlyprocess the volume of data.

A mobile computing device (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc.) can deployapplications traditionally associated with a desktop experience, withlittle to no trade-off in the appearance and/or ease-of-use associatedwith a user experience (UX). As mobile computing devices have grown morepowerful, activities that have traditionally required the processingpower and/or capability of a desktop application may now be performedaway from the desktop utilizing the mobile computing device. Forexample, many mobile computing devices are now being used by traders todeploy mobile versions of traditional desktop trading applications.Accordingly, a trader may utilize the mobile version of the desktoptrading application in order to remain in contact with one or moreexchanges as an active market participant.

A client device, such as a mobile computing device, and a server usenetwork communications to send and receive data. In many instances,client devices regularly request and receive data from the server inspecified intervals. These specified intervals are referred to herein astransmission rates. In a wireless mobile computing environment, hightransmission rates often result in a higher energy usage because dataradios such as 4G/LTE and Wi-Fi have a large energy cost to operate.Thus, use of these example data radios exacerbates the effects of theenergy cost.

For example, suppose a trader leaves a trading application running onhis or her mobile computing device while not actively participating inthe market or interacting with the trading application. The trader isnot directing attention to the mobile computing device or the tradingapplication (e.g., interacting with and/or looking at) and does notsuspend or halt execution of the trading application. Continuousoperation of the trading application on the trader's mobile computingdevice (e.g., high transmission rates) and/or the mobile computingdevice itself (e.g., simultaneous application execution) may diminishthe battery power of the mobile computing at an advanced rate due to thehandling of data at high transmission rates. Due to the exhaustion ofbattery resources, when a market event necessitating a user reactionoccurs, the trader may not be able to react to the market event from themobile computing device due to lack of battery power.

To better monitor and manage resources, an operational control moduleassociated with a mobile trading device identifies and reacts tooperational or operating states of the mobile computing device. Theoperational control module may determine categorical measurements, orcharacterizations of measurements, called operating factors, to identifyan operating state. In some examples, an operating state of the mobilecomputing device may be defined using operating factors: power level,power consumption, environment, and activity. An example power level maydenote external power, normal, low, and critical levels. In thisexample, normal denotes a range of 40% to 100% available battery, lowdenotes 20% to 39% available battery, and critical denotes 0%-19%available battery. Power consumption may be denoted as a normal, high,or low according to a comparison of observed power consumption againstan average power consumption of the mobile computing device, forexample. Environment may be denoted by visual conditions and noiselevels observed (e.g., high/low light and/or high/low noise), forexample. Activity may identify whether the user is moving in a vehicle,walking, running, or stationary, for example. In some examples, userattention may be implemented as a fifth category to assist in definingthe operating state. User attention may be denoted as true or false,engaged or not engaged, etc., based on the user's interaction with themobile computing device, for example.

By identifying an operating state based on operating factors andimplementing functionality adjustments associated with the operatingstate, the operational control module helps ensure that traders are ableto prolong use of mobile computing devices to react to market events.The trader or other user of the trading application of the mobilecomputing device may activate the operational control module by userinput (e.g., a graphical user interface interaction orgyroscope/accelerometer-based interaction to detect movement and/orother use of the mobile computing device) or the operational controlmodule may be activated automatically based on the usage or conditionsdetected at the mobile computing device.

In some examples, the operational control module may iterate throughstages of monitoring the sensors of the mobile computing device in orderto calibrate the operational control module without implementing anyadjustments. Conversely, a calibration stage may not be necessary. Theoperating state may then be used by the operational control module todictate certain adjustments to functionality of the mobile computingdevice or the trading application itself to create more opportunity forthe market participant to react to market events while using the mobilecomputing device.

Adjustment of functionality of the mobile computing device or thetrading application may be guided by rules, or rule sets, associatedwith operational states. In some examples, rule sets may be directlyrelated to individual operating factors. A defined rule set may dictateconstraints and/or permissions regarding operation of the tradingapplication and/or the mobile computing device. For example, the definedrule set may dictate parameters regarding transmission rates,notification schemes, power distribution of the mobile computing device,network radio performance (Wi-Fi™, Bluetooth™, Zigbee™, etc.), and/orany other parameter accessible to be manipulated by an applicationprogramming interface. In some examples, the creation of operatingstates and associated rules may be configurable by the user of themobile computing device or an administrator of the enterprise networkwith which the mobile computing device is associated. In other examples,the operating factors may be configured similarly. These operatingstates may be identified by name, number, or any alternateidentification scheme in order to more easily create customized rulesets. Additionally or alternatively, the operating states, the operatingfactors, and associated defined rule sets may be associatively linkedand stored in a database, lookup table, search tree, neural network, orany referenceable data structure.

Although this description discloses embodiments including, among othercomponents, software executed on hardware, it should be noted that theembodiments are merely illustrative and should not be considered aslimiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of thesehardware and software components may be embodied exclusively inhardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in anycombination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, certainembodiments may be implemented in other ways.

I. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

Certain embodiments provide a method including obtaining data at a firsttime using at least one sensor associated with a mobile computingdevice, the at least one sensor arranged to gather data regarding atleast one operating factor for the mobile computing device, the mobilecomputing device configured to receive market data and execute a tradingapplication. The example method includes analyzing the data obtainedfrom the at least one sensor to determine the at least one operatingfactor. The example method includes determining a first operating stateof the mobile computing device based on the at least one operatingfactor. The example method includes altering a function of the mobilecomputing device with respect to the trading application based on thefirst operating state.

Certain embodiments provide a system including a mobile computing deviceconfigured to obtain data at a first time using at least one sensorassociated with the mobile computing device, the at least one sensorarranged to gather data regarding at least one operating factor for themobile computing device, the mobile computing device further configuredto receive market data and execute a trading application. The examplemobile computing device is to analyze the data obtained from the atleast one sensor to determine the at least one operating factor. Theexample mobile computing device is to determine a first operating stateof the mobile computing device based on the at least one operatingfactor. The example mobile computing device is to alter a function ofthe mobile computing device with respect to the trading applicationbased on the first operating state.

Certain embodiments provide a tangible computer-readable storage mediumcomprising instructions that, when executed, cause a computing device toat least obtain data at a first time using at least one sensorassociated with the mobile computing device, the at least one sensorarranged to gather data regarding at least one operating factor for themobile computing device, the mobile computing device further configuredto receive market data and execute a trading application. The exampleinstructions cause the computing device to at least analyze the dataobtained from the at least one sensor to determine the at least oneoperating factor. The example instructions cause the computing device toat least determine a first operating state of the mobile computingdevice based on the at least one operating factor. The exampleinstructions cause the computing device to at least alter a function ofthe mobile computing device with respect to the trading applicationbased on the first operating state.

II. EXAMPLE ELECTRONIC TRADING SYSTEM

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram representative of an exampleelectronic trading system 100 in which certain embodiments may beemployed. The system 100 includes a trading device 110, a gateway 120,and an exchange 130. The trading device 110 is in communication with thegateway 120. The gateway 120 is in communication with the exchange 130.As used herein, the phrase “in communication with” encompasses directcommunication and/or indirect communication through one or moreintermediary components. The exemplary electronic trading system 100depicted in FIG. 1 may be in communication with additional components,subsystems, and elements to provide additional functionality andcapabilities without departing from the teaching and disclosure providedherein.

In operation, the trading device 110 may receive market data from theexchange 130 through the gateway 120. A user may utilize the tradingdevice 110 to monitor this market data and/or base a decision to send anorder message to buy or sell one or more tradeable objects to theexchange 130.

Market data may include data about a market for a tradeable object. Forexample, market data may include the inside market, market depth, lasttraded price (“LTP”), a last traded quantity (“LTQ”), or a combinationthereof. The inside market refers to the highest available bid price(best bid) and the lowest available ask price (best ask or best offer)in the market for the tradeable object at a particular point in time(since the inside market may vary over time). Market depth refers toquantities available at price levels including the inside market andaway from the inside market. Market depth may have “gaps” due to priceswith no quantity based on orders in the market.

The price levels associated with the inside market and market depth canbe provided as value levels which can encompass prices as well asderived and/or calculated representations of value. For example, valuelevels may be displayed as net change from an opening price. As anotherexample, value levels may be provided as a value calculated from pricesin two other markets. In another example, value levels may includeconsolidated price levels.

A tradeable object is anything which may be traded. For example, acertain quantity of the tradeable object may be bought or sold for aparticular price. A tradeable object may include, for example, financialproducts, stocks, options, bonds, future contracts, currency, warrants,funds derivatives, securities, commodities, swaps, interest rateproducts, index-based products, traded events, goods, or a combinationthereof. A tradeable object may include a product listed and/oradministered by an exchange, a product defined by the user, acombination of real or synthetic products, or a combination thereof.There may be a synthetic tradeable object that corresponds and/or issimilar to a real tradeable object.

An order message is a message that includes a trade order. A trade ordermay be, for example, a command to place an order to buy or sell atradeable object; a command to initiate managing orders according to adefined trading strategy; a command to change, modify, or cancel anorder; an instruction to an electronic exchange relating to an order; ora combination thereof.

The trading device 110 may include one or more electronic computingplatforms. For example, the trading device 110 may include a desktopcomputer, hand-held device, laptop, server, a portable computing device,a trading terminal, an embedded trading system, a workstation, analgorithmic trading system such as a “black box” or “grey box” system,cluster of computers, or a combination thereof. As another example, thetrading device 110 may include a single or multi-core processor incommunication with a memory or other storage medium configured toaccessibly store one or more computer programs, applications, libraries,computer readable instructions, and the like, for execution by theprocessor.

As used herein, the phrases “configured to” and “adapted to” encompassthat an element, structure, or device has been modified, arranged,changed, or varied to perform a specific function or for a specificpurpose.

By way of example, the trading device 110 may be implemented as apersonal computer running a copy of X_TRADER®, an electronic tradingplatform provided by Trading Technologies International, Inc. ofChicago, Ill. (“Trading Technologies”). As another example, the tradingdevice 110 may be a server running a trading application providingautomated trading tools such as ADL®, AUTOSPREADER®, and/or AUTOTRADER™,also provided by Trading Technologies. In yet another example, thetrading device 110 may include a trading terminal in communication witha server, where collectively the trading terminal and the server are thetrading device 110.

The trading device 110 is generally owned, operated, controlled,programmed, configured, or otherwise used by a user. As used herein, thephrase “user” may include, but is not limited to, a human (for example,a trader), trading group (for example, a group of traders), or anelectronic trading device (for example, an algorithmic trading system).One or more users may be involved in the ownership, operation, control,programming, configuration, or other use, for example.

The trading device 110 may include one or more trading applications. Asused herein, a trading application is an application that facilitates orimproves electronic trading. A trading application provides one or moreelectronic trading tools. For example, a trading application stored by atrading device may be executed to arrange and display market data in oneor more trading windows. In another example, a trading application mayinclude an automated spread trading application providing spread tradingtools. In yet another example, a trading application may include analgorithmic trading application that automatically processes analgorithm and performs certain actions, such as placing an order,modifying an existing order, deleting an order. In yet another example,a trading application may provide one or more trading screens. A tradingscreen may provide one or more trading tools that allow interaction withone or more markets. For example, a trading tool may allow a user toobtain and view market data, set order entry parameters, submit ordermessages to an exchange, deploy trading algorithms, and/or monitorpositions while implementing various trading strategies. The electronictrading tools provided by the trading application may always beavailable or may be available only in certain configurations oroperating modes of the trading application.

A trading application may be implemented utilizing computer readableinstructions that are stored in a computer readable medium andexecutable by a processor. A computer readable medium may includevarious types of volatile and non-volatile storage media, including, forexample, random access memory, read-only memory, programmable read-onlymemory, electrically programmable read-only memory, electricallyerasable read-only memory, flash memory, any combination thereof, or anyother tangible data storage device. As used herein, the termnon-transitory or tangible computer readable medium is expressly definedto include any type of computer readable storage media and to excludepropagating signals.

One or more components or modules of a trading application may be loadedinto the computer readable medium of the trading device 110 from anothercomputer readable medium. For example, the trading application (orupdates to the trading application) may be stored by a manufacturer,developer, or publisher on one or more CDs or DVDs, which are thenloaded onto the trading device 110 or to a server from which the tradingdevice 110 retrieves the trading application. As another example, thetrading device 110 may receive the trading application (or updates tothe trading application) from a server, for example, via the Internet oran internal network. The trading device 110 may receive the tradingapplication or updates when requested by the trading device 110 (forexample, “pull distribution”) and/or un-requested by the trading device110 (for example, “push distribution”).

The trading device 110 may be adapted to send order messages. Forexample, the order messages may be sent to through the gateway 120 tothe exchange 130. As another example, the trading device 110 may beadapted to send order messages to a simulated exchange in a simulationenvironment which does not effectuate real-world trades.

The order messages may be sent at the request of a user. For example, atrader may utilize the trading device 110 to send an order message ormanually input one or more parameters for a trade order (for example, anorder price and/or quantity). As another example, an automated tradingtool provided by a trading application may calculate one or moreparameters for a trade order and automatically send the order message.In some instances, an automated trading tool may prepare the ordermessage to be sent but not actually send it without confirmation from auser.

An order message may be sent in one or more data packets or through ashared memory system. For example, an order message may be sent from thetrading device 110 to the exchange 130 through the gateway 120. Thetrading device 110 may communicate with the gateway 120 using a localarea network, a wide area network, a wireless network, a virtual privatenetwork, a cellular network, a peer-to-peer network, a T1 line, a T3line, an integrated services digital network (“ISDN”) line, apoint-of-presence, the Internet, a shared memory system and/or aproprietary network such as TTNET™ provided by Trading Technologies, forexample.

The gateway 120 may include one or more electronic computing platforms.For example, the gateway 120 may be implemented as one or more desktopcomputer, hand-held device, laptop, server, a portable computing device,a trading terminal, an embedded trading system, workstation with asingle or multi-core processor, an algorithmic trading system such as a“black box” or “grey box” system, cluster of computers, or anycombination thereof.

The gateway 120 may facilitate communication. For example, the gateway120 may perform protocol translation for data communicated between thetrading device 110 and the exchange 130. The gateway 120 may process anorder message received from the trading device 110 into a data formatunderstood by the exchange 130, for example. Similarly, the gateway 120may transform market data in an exchange-specific format received fromthe exchange 130 into a format understood by the trading device 110, forexample.

The gateway 120 may include a trading application, similar to thetrading applications discussed above, that facilitates or improveselectronic trading. For example, the gateway 120 may include a tradingapplication that tracks orders from the trading device 110 and updatesthe status of the order based on fill confirmations received from theexchange 130. As another example, the gateway 120 may include a tradingapplication that coalesces market data from the exchange 130 andprovides it to the trading device 110. In yet another example, thegateway 120 may include a trading application that provides riskprocessing, calculates implieds, handles order processing, handlesmarket data processing, or a combination thereof.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 120 communicates with the exchange130 using a local area network, a wide area network, a wireless network,a virtual private network, a cellular network, a peer-to-peer network, aT1 line, a T3 line, an ISDN line, a point-of-presence, the Internet, ashared memory system, and/or a proprietary network such as TTNET™provided by Trading Technologies, for example.

The exchange 130 may be owned, operated, controlled, or used by anexchange entity. Example exchange entities include the CME Group, theLondon International Financial Futures and Options Exchange, theIntercontinental Exchange, and Eurex. The exchange 130 may include anelectronic matching system, such as a computer, server, or othercomputing device, which is adapted to allow tradeable objects, forexample, offered for trading by the exchange, to be bought and sold. Theexchange 130 may include separate entities, some of which list and/oradminister tradeable objects and others which receive and match orders,for example. The exchange 130 may include an electronic communicationnetwork (“ECN”), for example.

The exchange 130 may be an electronic exchange. The exchange 130 isadapted to receive order messages and match contra-side trade orders tobuy and sell tradeable objects. Unmatched trade orders may be listed fortrading by the exchange 130. Once an order to buy or sell a tradeableobject is received and confirmed by the exchange, the order isconsidered to be a working order until it is filled or cancelled. Ifonly a portion of the quantity of the order is matched, then thepartially filled order remains a working order. The trade orders mayinclude trade orders received from the trading device 110 or otherdevices in communication with the exchange 130, for example. Forexample, typically the exchange 130 will be in communication with avariety of other trading devices (which may be similar to trading device110) which also provide trade orders to be matched.

The exchange 130 is adapted to provide market data. Market data may beprovided in one or more messages or data packets or through a sharedmemory system. For example, the exchange 130 may publish a data feed tosubscribing devices, such as the trading device 110 or gateway 120. Thedata feed may include market data.

The system 100 may include additional, different, or fewer components.For example, the system 100 may include multiple trading devices,gateways, and/or exchanges. In another example, the system 100 mayinclude other communication devices, such as middleware, firewalls,hubs, switches, routers, servers, exchange-specific communicationequipment, modems, security managers, and/or encryption/decryptiondevices.

III. EXPANDED EXAMPLE ELECTRONIC TRADING SYSTEM

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of another example electronic tradingsystem 200 in which certain embodiments may be employed. In thisexample, a trading device 210 may utilize one or more communicationnetworks to communicate with a gateway 220 and exchange 230. Forexample, the trading device 210 utilizes network 202 to communicate withthe gateway 220, and the gateway 220, in turn, utilizes the networks 204and 206 to communicate with the exchange 230. As used herein, a networkfacilitates or enables communication between computing devices such asthe trading device 210, the gateway 220, and the exchange 230.

The following discussion generally focuses on the trading device 210,gateway 220, and the exchange 230. However, the trading device 210 mayalso be connected to and communicate with “n” additional gateways(individually identified as gateways 220 a-220 n, which may be similarto gateway 220) and “n” additional exchanges (individually identified asexchanges 230 a-230 n, which may be similar to exchange 230) by way ofthe network 202 (or other similar networks). Additional networks(individually identified as networks 204 a-204 n and 206 a-206 n, whichmay be similar to networks 204 and 206, respectively) may be utilizedfor communications between the additional gateways and exchanges. Thecommunication between the trading device 210 and each of the additionalexchanges 230 a-230 n need not be the same as the communication betweenthe trading device 210 and exchange 230. Generally, each exchange hasits own preferred techniques and/or formats for communicating with atrading device, a gateway, the user, or another exchange. It should beunderstood that there is not necessarily a one-to-one mapping betweengateways 220 a-220 n and exchanges 230 a-230 n. For example, aparticular gateway may be in communication with more than one exchange.As another example, more than one gateway may be in communication withthe same exchange. Such an arrangement may, for example, allow one ormore trading devices 210 to trade at more than one exchange (and/orprovide redundant connections to multiple exchanges).

Additional trading devices 210 a-210 n, which may be similar to tradingdevice 210, may be connected to one or more of the gateways 220 a-220 nand exchanges 230 a-230 n. For example, the trading device 210 a maycommunicate with the exchange 230 a via the gateway 220 a and thenetworks 202 a, 204 a and 206 a. In another example, the trading device210 b may be in direct communication with exchange 230 a. In anotherexample, trading device 210 c may be in communication with the gateway220 n via an intermediate device 208 such as a proxy, remote host, orWAN router.

The trading device 210, which may be similar to the trading device 110in FIG. 1, includes a server 212 in communication with a tradingterminal 214. The server 212 may be located geographically closer to thegateway 220 than the trading terminal 214 in order to reduce latency. Inoperation, the trading terminal 214 may provide a trading screen to auser and communicate commands to the server 212 for further processing.For example, a trading algorithm may be deployed to the server 212 forexecution based on market data. The server 212 may execute the tradingalgorithm without further input from the user. In another example, theserver 212 may include a trading application providing automated tradingtools and communicate back to the trading terminal 214. The tradingdevice 210 may include additional, different, or fewer components.

In operation, the network 202 may be a multicast network configured toallow the trading device 210 to communicate with the gateway 220. Dataon the network 202 may be logically separated by subject such as, forexample, by prices, orders, or fills. As a result, the server 212 andtrading terminal 214 can subscribe to and receive data such as, forexample, data relating to prices, orders, or fills, depending on theirindividual needs.

The gateway 220, which may be similar to the gateway 120 of FIG. 1, mayinclude a price server 222, order server 224, and fill server 226. Thegateway 220 may include additional, different, or fewer components. Theprice server 222 may process price data. Price data includes datarelated to a market for one or more tradeable objects. The order server224 processes order data. Order data is data related to a user's tradeorders. For example, order data may include order messages, confirmationmessages, or other types of messages. The fill server collects andprovides fill data. Fill data includes data relating to one or morefills of trade orders. For example, the fill server 226 may provide arecord of trade orders, which have been routed through the order server224, that have and have not been filled. The servers 222, 224, and 226may run on the same machine or separate machines. There may be more thanone instance of the price server 222, the order server 224, and/or thefill server 226 for gateway 220. In certain embodiments, the additionalgateways 220 a-220 n may each includes instances of the servers 222,224, and 226 (individually identified as servers 222 a-222 n, 224 a-224n, and 226 a-226 n).

The gateway 220 may communicate with the exchange 230 using one or morecommunication networks. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, there may betwo communication networks connecting the gateway 220 and the exchange230. The network 204 may be used to communicate market data to the priceserver 222. In some instances, the exchange 230 may include this data ina data feed that is published to subscribing devices. The network 206may be used to communicate order data to the order server 224 and thefill server 226. The network 206 may also be used to communicate orderdata from the order server 224 to the exchange 230.

The exchange 230, which may be similar to the exchange 130 of FIG. 1,includes an order book 232 and a matching engine 234. The exchange 230may include additional, different, or fewer components. The order book232 is a database that includes data relating to unmatched trade ordersthat have been submitted to the exchange 230. For example, the orderbook 232 may include data relating to a market for a tradeable object,such as the inside market, market depth at various price levels, thelast traded price, and the last traded quantity. The matching engine 234may match contra-side bids and offers pending in the order book 232. Forexample, the matching engine 234 may execute one or more matchingalgorithms that match contra-side bids and offers. A sell order iscontra-side to a buy order. Similarly, a buy order is contra-side to asell order. A matching algorithm may match contra-side bids and offersat the same price, for example. In certain embodiments, the additionalexchanges 230 a-230 n may each include order books and matching engines(individually identified as the order book 232 a-232 n and the matchingengine 234 a-234 n, which may be similar to the order book 232 and thematching engine 234, respectively). Different exchanges may usedifferent data structures and algorithms for tracking data related toorders and matching orders.

In operation, the exchange 230 may provide price data from the orderbook 232 to the price server 222 and order data and/or fill data fromthe matching engine 234 to the order server 224 and/or the fill server226. Servers 222, 224, 226 may process and communicate this data to thetrading device 210. The trading device 210, for example, using a tradingapplication, may process this data. For example, the data may bedisplayed to a user. In another example, the data may be utilized in atrading algorithm to determine whether a trade order should be submittedto the exchange 230. The trading device 210 may prepare and send anorder message to the exchange 230.

In certain embodiments, the gateway 220 is part of the trading device210. For example, the components of the gateway 220 may be part of thesame computing platform as the trading device 210. As another example,the functionality of the gateway 220 may be performed by components ofthe trading device 210. In certain embodiments, the gateway 220 is notpresent. Such an arrangement may occur when the trading device 210 doesnot need to utilize the gateway 220 to communicate with the exchange230, such as if the trading device 210 has been adapted to communicatedirectly with the exchange 230.

IV. EXAMPLE COMPUTING DEVICE

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device 300(e.g., a mobile computing device) which may be used to implement thedisclosed embodiments. The example computing device may be a mobilecomputing device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, smartwatch, etc.). Thetrading device 110 of FIG. 1 may include one or more computing devices300, for example. The gateway 120 of FIG. 1 may include one or morecomputing devices 300, for example. The exchange 130 of FIG. 1 mayinclude one or more computing devices 300, for example.

The computing device 300 includes a communication network 310, aprocessor 312, a memory 314, an interface 316, an input device 318, andan output device 320. The computing device 300 may include additional,different, or fewer components. For example, multiple communicationnetworks, multiple processors, multiple memory, multiple interfaces,multiple input devices, multiple output devices, or any combinationthereof, may be provided. As another example, the computing device 300may not include an input device 318 or output device 320.

As shown in FIG. 3, the computing device 300 may include a processor 312coupled to a communication network 310. The communication network 310may include a communication bus, channel, electrical or optical network,circuit, switch, fabric, or other mechanism for communicating databetween components in the computing device 300. The communicationnetwork 310 may be communicatively coupled with and transfer databetween any of the components of the computing device 300.

The processor 312 may be any suitable processor, processing unit, ormicroprocessor. The processor 312 may include one or more generalprocessors, digital signal processors, application specific integratedcircuits, field programmable gate arrays, analog circuits, digitalcircuits, programmed processors, and/or combinations thereof, forexample. The processor 312 may be a single device or a combination ofdevices, such as one or more devices associated with a network ordistributed processing. Any processing strategy may be used, such asmulti-processing, multi-tasking, parallel processing, and/or remoteprocessing. Processing may be local or remote and may be moved from oneprocessor to another processor. In certain embodiments, the computingdevice 300 is a multi-processor system and, thus, may include one ormore additional processors which are communicatively coupled to thecommunication network 310.

The processor 312 may be operable to execute logic and other computerreadable instructions encoded in one or more tangible media, such as thememory 314. As used herein, logic encoded in one or more tangible mediaincludes instructions which may be executable by the processor 312 or adifferent processor. The logic may be stored as part of software,hardware, integrated circuits, firmware, and/or micro-code, for example.The logic may be received from an external communication device via acommunication network such as the network 340. The processor 312 mayexecute the logic to perform the functions, acts, or tasks illustratedin the figures or described herein.

The memory 314 may be one or more tangible media, such as computerreadable storage media, for example. Computer readable storage media mayinclude various types of volatile and non-volatile storage media,including, for example, random access memory, read-only memory,programmable read-only memory, electrically programmable read-onlymemory, electrically erasable read-only memory, flash memory, anycombination thereof, or any other tangible data storage device. As usedherein, the term non-transitory or tangible computer readable medium isexpressly defined to include any type of computer readable medium and toexclude propagating signals. The memory 314 may include any desired typeof mass storage device including hard disk drives, optical media,magnetic tape or disk, etc.

The memory 314 may include one or more memory devices. For example, thememory 314 may include local memory, a mass storage device, volatilememory, non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof. The memory 314may be adjacent to, part of, programmed with, networked with, and/orremote from processor 312, so the data stored in the memory 314 may beretrieved and processed by the processor 312, for example. The memory314 may store instructions which are executable by the processor 312.The instructions may be executed to perform one or more of the acts orfunctions described herein or shown in the figures.

The memory 314 may store a trading application 330. In certainembodiments, the trading application 330 may be accessed from or storedin different locations. The processor 312 may access the tradingapplication 330 stored in the memory 314 and execute computer-readableinstructions included in the trading application 330.

The input device(s) 318 may include one or more sensors included in,attached to (e.g., removably attached to), and/or peripherally incommunication with the computing device 300 for providing information tothe computing device 300. Such sensors may include proximity sensors,photoresistors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, microphones, opticalsensors, cameras, photovoltaic cells, magnetometers, heart-ratemonitors, temperature sensors, galvanic response sensors, or the like.The input device(s) 318 may also include touchscreens (e.g., capacitiveand resistive), keyboards, and/or mice.

In certain embodiments, during an installation process, the tradingapplication may be transferred from the input device 318 and/or thenetwork 340 to the memory 314. When the computing device 300 is runningor preparing to run the trading application 330, the processor 312 mayretrieve the instructions from the memory 314 via the communicationnetwork 310.

V. EXAMPLE OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Example methods to monitor a computing device and associated tradingapplication and or data feed based on an identified current operatingstate are disclosed and described herein. For example, operation,update, refresh rate, etc., can be adjusted based on a determination ofa current operating state. In some examples one or more operatingfactors such as, power level, power consumption, activity, and/orenvironment may be used to identify the current operating state of thecomputing device 300. In general, the operating factor may refer to oneor more sensor measurements. In some examples, a level of interactionwith the computing device 300 and the trading application may beinferred from the current operating state.

Certain examples disclosed herein leverage one or more sensors of acomputing device (e.g., computing device 300) using an operationalcontrol module 400 to identify an operating state. The examples furtheradjust the operation and/or functionality of the computing device 300based upon the operating state. For example, the current operating state(e.g., defined by one or more of a power level, power consumption,activity, environment, attention, etc.) may dictate an alteration to thetransmission rate of the computing device 300.

The computing device 300 can include an operational control module 400.FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an example operational controlmodule 400. The operational control module 400 operates in connectionwith the processor 312, memory 314, interface 316, input device(s) 318,and output device(s) 320 of the example FIG. 3. The operational controlmodule 400 is able to communicate with and control the computing device300 via the processor 312, the input device(s) 318, and the outputdevice(s) 320. The operational control module 400 leverages thesecommunications to interact with and control the operation of the tradingapplication 330. Additionally, the operational control module 400 isable to utilize the memory 314 for storage of operating factors (e.g.,measurements), results, and calculations. The operational control module400 resides in the memory 314 of the computing device 300. In someexamples, the operational control module 400 operates as a subsidiarymodule of the trading application 330. In other examples, theoperational control module 400 operates as a discrete hardware componentof the computing device 300.

The operational control module 400 of FIG. 4 includes an energy monitor402, an operating state identifier 408, a functionality controller 410,an environmental monitor 406, and an activity monitor 404. Theoperational control module 400 of FIG. 4 may include additional,different, or fewer components. Additionally, the components of theoperational control module 400 of FIG. 4 are in communication with oneanother as well as with other components the computing device 300 ofFIG. 3 via a communication bus 430. Components 402-410 of theoperational control module 400 can be used to determine and/or impact anoperating state of the computing device 300, for example.

The example energy monitor 402 determines available battery power andpower consumption and creates a power level factor. For example, theenergy monitor 402 may query the operating system of the computingdevice 300 utilizing programmatic methods to obtain the battery datafrom the computing device 300. The example energy monitor 402 alsodetects when the computing device is receiving power externally (e.g.,is plugged in). In some examples, external power is identified by theoperating system of the computing device 300 upon a query by the exampleenergy monitor 402. In some examples, the energy monitor 402 subscribesto and receives power related notifications generated by the operatingsystem. In other examples, the example energy monitor 402 identifiesexternal power by observing voltage level on a charging circuit of thecomputing device 300. The power level factor, once created, can bestored and made available to the operating state identifier 408.

The example energy monitor 402 also communicates concurrently with anoperating system of the computing device 300 to obtain a list ofprocesses and their power consumptions. The example energy monitor 402also may generate a power consumption factor. For example, the exampleenergy monitor 402 accesses the memory 314 of the computing device 300to store these processes and their observed consumptions. In certainembodiments, rolling averages are created for computing device 300 (insome instances, averages are kept for each observed process executed bythe computing device 300) to obtain reference measurements for powerconsumption. These measurements become a baseline for a powerconsumption measurement. The power consumption measurements and thecurrent rolling averages are stored for use by the operating stateidentifier 408. For example, a messaging application consuming 100milliwatt (mW), a browsing application consuming 50 mW, and theoperating system consuming 100 mW results in an example current powerconsumption measurement of 250 mW. In some examples, the example currentpower consumption measurement of 250 mW is then included whencalculating the current rolling average for power consumption. Theexample energy monitor 402 stores the power consumption factor in thememory 314.

The example activity monitor 404 of FIG. 4 determines an activity factorof the computing device. The example activity monitor 404 is incommunication with one or more input devices 318 associated with thecomputing device 300 (e.g., accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.). Theexample activity monitor 404 determines velocity and/or acceleration ofa detected movement of the computing device 300. The example activitymonitor 404 may further, or additionally, determine the attitude, ororientation in space, of the computing device 300. In some examples, theactivity monitor 404 queries and/or subscribes to notifications providedby the operating system of the computing device 300 for informationprovided by the incorporated accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc. In someexamples, the example activity monitor 404 may use the velocity,acceleration, and/or attitude to determine an activity or state of auser of the computing device 300. For example, a null acceleration andvelocity measurement would imply that the user of the device isstationary. A low velocity (e.g., 2 m/s) may indicate walking, or a highvelocity (e.g., greater than 15 m/s) may indicate automobile or aerialactivity, for example. In some examples, a medium velocity (e.g., 5 m/s)and/or a quickly varying gyroscope measurement (e.g., +/−2 rad/s) mayindicate a running activity. The example activity monitor stores theactivity factor of the user for use by the operating state identifier408.

The example environmental monitor 406 of FIG. 4 determines environmentalmeasurement(s) associated with the environment of the computing device300 and creates an environmental factor. The example environmentalmonitor 406 is in communication with light and/or sound sensorsassociated with the computing device 300 (e.g., input device(s) 318). Insome examples, one or more sensors can provide data to determine a focusof user attention with respect to the computing device 300. The one ormore sensors may measure temperature, facial recognition, touch, light,sound, etc. Such example sensors may include photovoltaic cells,photoresistors, cameras, proximity sensors, microphones, temperaturesensors, touch sensors, etc. The example environmental monitor 406analyzes the environment in which the computing device 300 is operating.Additionally, ambient sound levels are sampled to determine how noisy,(e.g., loud) the operating environment of the user is. In some examples,the environmental control monitor 406 can identify a focus of userattention with respect to the computing device 300. In other examples, atemperature measurement is made by the example environmental monitor 406and used in generating an operating state. The environmental factor isstored so that the operating state identifier 408 may gather it in orderto identify an operating state.

The example operating state identifier 408 identifies the operatingstate. Initially, the example operating state identifier 408 gathers theoperating factors from all components associated with the exampleoperational control module 400 (e.g., the energy monitor 402, theenvironmental monitor 406, and the activity monitor 404). For example,the operating state identifier 408 may obtain the power level factor andthe power consumption operating factor from the energy monitor 402. Theoperating state identifier 408 may also obtain the environmental factor(e.g., light and sound measurement) from the environmental monitor 406,for example. The operating state identifier 408 may also obtain theactivity operating factor from the activity monitor 404 (e.g.,acceleration and/or velocity measurement), for example.

The example operating state identifier 408 may compare the obtainedmeasurements in the operating factors to ranges, thresholds, and/orbaselines associated with each measurement of the operating factors todetermine how to rank and evaluate each measurement. In some examples,the example operating state identifier utilizes a database stored in thememory 314 of the computing device 300 to identify an appropriatecharacterization of each measurement. For example, a remaining batterylevel of 30% obtained from the energy monitor 402 is compared an examplerange stored in the memory 314 of the computing device 300. The examplerange may indicate values between 20%-40% are designated as a low powerlevel, for example. After the operating state identifier 408 comparesthe 30% value from the energy monitor 402 to the example range from thememory 314, the power level of the current operating state is identified“low.”

In some examples, the operating state may be identified using the powerlevel, power consumption, activity, and/or the environmentalmeasurements. For example, an operating state may be identified as“external source” power level (e.g., wall outlet powered), “high” powerconsumption, “stationary and upright” activity, and “high light-lownoise” environment. In some examples, it may be inferred from thisidentified operating state that the user may likely be in an officeenvironment and engaged with the computing device 300. In otherexamples, a probability of user attention with respect to the computingdevice 300 may be inferred from a current operating state.

The example operating state identifier 408 can store the currentoperating state for use by the functionality controller 410. Forexample, the operating state identifier 408 may utilize the memory 314of the computing device 300 to store the current operating state. Insome examples, past operating states and predicted operating states arestored in the memory 314 by the operating state identifier 408.

The example functionality controller 410 implements changes to thecomputing device 300 and trading application based on the currentoperating state. In some examples, the functionality controller 410implements functionality adjustments according to the current operatingstate identified by the example operating state identifier 408, thecurrent operating state stored in the memory 314. The examplefunctionality controller 410 implements changes via the processor 312 ofthe computing device 300. For example, when the current operating statehas been obtained, the example functionality controller 410 identifiesone or more adjustments to the functionality of the computing device 300and/or trading application by referencing rule sets for the operatingstate and/or ranges of measurements of the operating factors, stored inthe memory 314 of the computing device 300. For example, a ruleassociated with an operating state may describe an adjustment to thetransmission rate of the computing device 300. In some examples, a ruleassociated with an operating state may describe an adjustment to thebrightness of a display of the computing device 300. In some examples,rules associated with an operating state may be implemented in order toconserve and/or prolong battery life. In other examples, rulesassociated with an operating state may be implemented to provide morefrequent transmissions. When the adjustment(s) have been identified, thefunctionality controller 410 implements adjustment(s) using thecommunication bus 430. In some examples, heuristics, or machine learningmethods, are implemented by the functionality controller 410. Theseexample heuristics can learn to (1) know most common operating statesfor certain times of the day, (2) anticipate a next operating state andcurrent operating state based on learned patterns, and/or (3) identifyoperating states more quickly based on a combination of the foregoingand can proactively implement adjustment(s) to the computing device 300.

FIG. 5 is an example flowchart 500 for instructions to implement theoperational control module 400 of FIG. 4. The example flowchart 500instructions gather the power level, power consumption, activity, and/orenvironment operating factors to identify the operating state of thecomputing device 300. FIG. 5 illustrates an evaluation of a plurality ofoperating factors. Certain examples determine an operating state and/orotherwise control operation of the computing device 300 based on one ormore determined operating factors. The components of the operationalcontrol module 400 (e.g., the energy monitor 402, the activity monitor404, and/or the environmental monitor 406) may be controlled by thisinstruction set.

Upon activation of the operational control module 400, control begins atblock 502. At block 502, the operating state identifier 408 begins adetermination of operating factors using at least one of the exampleenergy monitor 402, the activity monitor 404, and/or the environmentalmonitor 406. In some examples, the operational control module 400 may beprovided with an indication of which operating factor to determine(e.g., measure). For example, the operating state identifier 408 may beprovided instructions from a user of a computing device 300, theinstructions indicating a first operating factor to determine. In otherexamples, the operating state identifier 408 may proceed to determine adefault first operating factor using at least one of the examplecomponents (e.g., the example energy monitor 402, the activity monitor404, and/or the environmental monitor 406). The operational controlmodule 400 may proceed to determine operating factors associated withany of blocks 505 (e.g., power level), 510 (e.g., power consumption),515 (e.g., operating environment), or 520 (e.g., activity), for example.

At block 505, the energy monitor 402 of the example operational controlmodule may first determines if power is supplied from a battery of thecomputing device 300 or if power is supplied externally (e.g., wallpower). If power is determined to be supplied via battery, the exampleenergy monitor 402 then determines the capacity of the battery and theremaining power reserved in the battery (e.g., in units such as milliamphours, as a percentage of capacity, etc.). In some examples, the energymonitor 402 measures reference voltages and observed currents or, inother examples, obtains the value from a smart module contained withinthe battery itself. In some examples, before control leaves block 505,measurements obtained in scientific units may be converted to apercentage equivalent with reference to capacity. The measurements madeby the energy monitor 402 at block 505 constitute the power levelfactor.

At block 510, the energy monitor 402 may determine a rate of powerconsumption of the computing device 300. The energy monitor 402 queriesthe computing device 300 to obtain a measurement (e.g., in milliamphours per second) for the current operating state. At block 510, theenergy monitor 402 compares the obtained measurement to a powerconsumption average of the computing device 300. The energy monitor 402monitors the power consumption average, even when the operationalcontrol module 400 is inactive, to provide a more accurate figure.Alternatively, the computing device 300 may maintain the powerconsumption average. To help ensure that the average power consumptionis relevant to the observed power consumption, an active average iskept. The active average is the power consumption average for theduration the computing device is executing the trading application. Insome examples, a standard deviation is also maintained for the observedpower consumption measurements to allow for dynamic rating of changingpower usage situations. The measurements made by the energy monitor 402at block 510 constitute the power consumption factor.

In some examples, the energy monitor 402 is configured to provideclassifications of observed measurements. For example, if the powerconsumption measurement is greater than one standard deviation above thepower consumption average, the energy monitor 402 rates the powerconsumption as high. If the power consumption measurement is less thanone standard deviation below the power consumption average, for example,the energy monitor 402 rates the power consumption as low. If the powerconsumption measurement is within one standard deviation above or belowthe power consumption average, for example, then the power consumptionis rated as normal by the energy monitor 402. Alternatively, a staticpercentage range may be set for each of the high, low, and normal powerconsumption measures. For example, any of the foregoing mentions ofstandard deviation may be replaced with a static percentage figure suchas ±5%.

At block 515, the environmental monitor 406 may determine environmentalmeasurements of the operating environment of the computing device 300.Light and sound are observed and reported as descriptive of theoperating environment. The light measurements may be rated in lux at ahigh, low or normal level, for example. Similarly, sound measurementsmay be rated in decibels at a high, low, or normal level, for example.User attention of the user of the computing device 300 may also bemeasured in determining an operating state by the environmental monitor406 and categorized by true or false values. The measurements made bythe environmental monitor 406 at block 515 constitute the environmentalfactor.

Turning to block 520, the activity monitor 404 may determine an activitymeasurement of the user. The activity monitor 404 leverages motionsensors to facilitate determination of activity state by identifying,for example, velocity, acceleration, and/or attitude of the computingdevice 300. Upon determination of the velocity and/or acceleration, themotion of the computing device 300 may be characterized as vehicularmotion, human motion, stationary, etc. The measurements made by theactivity monitor 404 at block 520 constitute the activity factor.

In some examples, the example activity monitor 404 provides furtherresolution of vehicular and person motion. Such further resolution mayprovide a distinction between automobile and airplane motion, or in thecase of human motion, a distinction between walking, jogging, orsprinting, for example.

In certain examples, the activity monitor 404 may determine theattitude, or orientation of the device, of the computing device 300using the motion sensors and/or the gyroscope of the computing device300. In these certain examples, the activity monitor 404 may report theattitude of the computing device in angular terms (e.g., degrees aboveor below horizon) and/or in descriptive terms (e.g., face-up, face-down,vertical, horizontal, etc.). In other examples, the descriptive terms ofthe attitude may be more granular and may be reported as combinations ofterms. For example, a descriptive term describing attitude of“horizontal face-down” may indicate the computing device 300 is layingon a flat surface oriented so that the display or “face” of the deviceis facing downwards.

In some examples, when the computing device 300 does not include anaccelerometer or a gyroscope, the example activity monitor 404 may be incommunication with a peripheral accelerometer and/or gyroscope connectedto the computing device 300, physically and/or wirelessly, as inputdevices 318.

Control arrives at block 522 from at least one of blocks 505, 510, 515,or 520. At block 522, the operating state identifier 408 determineswhether an operating state may be identified using an operating factorfrom at least one of the components (e.g., the example energy monitor402, the activity monitor 404, and/or the environmental monitor 406). Insome examples, the operating state identifier 408 may use the currentoperating state to aid in determining whether an additional operatingfactor must be determined in order to identify a new operating state. Ifan additional operating factor is necessary, then control returns toblock 502. If additional operating factors are not required, controlremains at block 522 until such time that a new measurement of anoperating factor is observed by one of the components. For example, theoperating state identifier 408 may categorize a power level of 85%,obtained from the energy monitor 402, as “normal.” Additionally, thecurrent operating state has no power related adjustments implemented tothe computing device 300, for example. In this instance, the operatingstate identifier 408 may need additional information (e.g., a secondoperating factor) to identify an operating state because power levelcharacterization has not changed from “normal”.

At block 525, the operating state identifier 408 identifies an operatingstate based on the determined operating factors. The operating state canbe quantified for use in controlling operation of the computing device300. In certain examples, the operating state is identified as ademarcated string of the values constituting the operating state. Forexample, the values returned by the example energy monitor 402, theactivity monitor 404, and/or the environmental monitor 406 may be usedto identify the operating state. In certain examples, the operatingstate may be bounded by brackets, “[” or “]”, and values created at theblocks are separated by a forward slash, “/”. For example, a computingdevice 300 executing a trading application and having an identifiedoperating state consisting of: normal power level (N), high powerconsumption (H) operating in a high light (HL) and low noise (LN)environment while a user is mobile (e.g., not stationary) (M) returns aoperating state of: [N/H/HL/LN/M]. In some examples, each operatingstate is represented by a concatenated string of the operating state. Inthis example, the operating state is represented by “NHHLLNM”. Theforegoing example operating state is only an example, and many othernaming conventions will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

The operating state can be identified in other ways. In an alternateexample, operating states are mapped to regions, and the operating statecan be considered an n^(th) dimensional vector of the form presented inEquation 1, wherein each X denotes a monitored category measurement thathas been prescribed a numerical value:{right arrow over (v)}=

X ₀ ,X ₁ ,X ₂ , . . . ,X _(n-1) ,X _(n)

   (Equation 1)The n^(th) dimensional space that the operating state vector occupiescontains segments, n^(th) dimensional volumes, and/or planes that denotecertain operating states. As such, any of the monitored categorymeasurements, X₀ . . . Xn, may be ranged or regioned independently (forsingular dimensional consideration) of the other monitored categorymeasurements allowing flexibility in the identification of an operatingstate. Additionally or alternatively, the monitored elements (e.g.battery power) that conform to Boolean values may be regioned to denote(0,∞) for a TRUE value range and (−∞,0) for a FALSE value range. In someexamples, elements may be normalized to form a vector magnitude anddirectional angle describing an operating state. In other examples, anoperating state may not be created, and instead, each measurement isconsidered independent of the others in considering functionalityadjustments. When the operating state has been identified, theidentified operating state is stored for access by the functionalitycontroller 410.

At block 527, the functionality controller 410 obtains the identifiedoperating state from the operating state identifier 408. Based on thisidentified operating state, the functionality controller 410 determinesif functionality of the computing device 300 or the trading applicationmay be altered. For example, the functionality adjustment rulesassociated with the identified operating state can be compared to thecurrently implemented functionality adjustment rules. If rules are thesame, adjustments may not be made and control proceeds to block 535.However, if the rules are not identical, adjustments may be made andcontrol proceeds to block 530.

At block 530, the functionality controller 410 implements one or moreadjustments associated with the identified operating state. For example,an operating state characterized by a low power level may instruct thefunctionality controller 410 to decrease transmission rates. A decreasein transmission rates conserves power through via reduced utilization ofdevice resources such as the processor 312. In another example, anoperating state characterized by a high power level, a face-up attitude,and a walking activity measurement may instruct the functionalitycontroller 410 to adjust transmission rates to be more frequent thancurrent transmission rates because it is inferred that attention is onthe mobile computing device and more rapid information procurement maybe vital. In another example, an operating state characterized by a highlight environment may instruct the functionality controller 410 toadjust the brightness of the screen of the mobile computing device to bemore visible. In another example, an operating state characterized by anactivity other than stationary may instruct the functionality controller410 to adjust the information displayed in the trading application toonly display frequently accessed, marked, and/or customized information.

At block 535, the operating state identifier 408 identifies if any ofthe energy monitor 402, activity monitor 404, or the environmentalmonitor 406 have changed from their respective last determined values.If the operating state identifier 408 is notified that a measurement ofan operating factor associated with the components (e.g., the energymonitor 402, activity monitor 404, or the environmental monitor 406) haschanged from a previous value, then control returns to block 502. Untilthe operating state identifier 408 is notified by one of the componentsthat an operating factor value has changed, control remains at block 535until such time that a new measurement of an operating factor isobserved by one of the components.

FIG. 6 is an example illustrative flow chart of the instructionsgoverning the operations performed and identified at block 515 of FIG.5. Beginning at block 605, the environmental monitor 406 begins tomonitor, or measure, visual elements such as light and user attention.Light levels are quantified to determine the brightness of an area inwhich the user is operating the trading application. The light levelsmay be observed to be high light, low light, or standard, for example.For example, a standard measurement denotes any lighting environmentbetween 100-1,000 lux (lumens per square meter). For example, a standardoffice setting is generally around 500 lux and a cloudless sunny day isgenerally 10,000 lux. In response to determination of lightingconditions, the environmental monitor 406 determines if any other visualmeasurements, such as user attention, should be made. When userattention is incorporated as a measurement of the environmental monitor406, it is observed through a front facing camera associated with thecomputing device 300, for example. Using facial detection featurespresent in software of the computing device 300, the environmentalmonitor 406 can leverage these features to identify when a user islooking at the computing device 300. Facial detection operates bylocating image segments that have a high probability of being eyes andmouths, once two eyes and one mouth are located, facial recognitionsignals that a face has been detected. For example, when theenvironmental monitor 406 observes two eyes and one mouth through thefront facing camera using the facial detection features, it indicatesthat a face has been detected. If the front facing camera can detect aface, it is inferred that based on detection of two eyes in the field ofvision of the front facing camera, the user is engaged with the tradingapplication on the computing device 300. Thus, an indication of userattention is returned as true. When visual measurements are made,control proceeds to block 610.

At block 610, the environmental monitor 406 determines the noise levelof the surrounding environment. The environmental monitor uses amicrophone to sample ambient audio and analyze the decibel power of thesample. In some examples, a rolling sample average is maintained atblock 610 to provide a more stable representation of the audioenvironment. The decibel level of the audio sample is rated. The soundlevels may be rated as high sound, low sound, or standard sound, forexample. As an example, a standard measurement denotes any soundenvironment between 55-75 decibels. To provide some context, a standardoffice setting generally has background noise of around 65 decibels.Measurement over the example 75 decibels is codified as high noise, andmeasurement below the example 55 decibels is categorized as low noise,for example. It will be appreciated that these levels are examples andare not written to be limited to these ratings. When the audio level hasbeen identified, control proceeds to block 615.

Turning to block 615, the environmental monitor 406 determines if anyother measurements are necessary and/or required. At block 615,customized measurements can be factored in and/or otherwise consideredby the environmental monitor 406. Customized or other optionalmeasurements may include facial recognition, temperature, touch, voicerecognition, etc. If no additional environmental measurement remains,control may proceed to the corresponding block of FIG. 5 (e.g. block522).

FIG. 7 is an illustrative example flowchart of instructions governingthe operations performed and identified at blocks 527 and 530 of FIG. 5.The functionality controller 410 of FIG. 4 may be controlled by thisinstruction set. Additionally, the functionality controller 410 hasobtained the operating state created at block 525 of FIG. 5 by theoperating state identifier 408. When flowchart 530 of FIG. 7 terminates,the adjustments implemented in blocks 710, 720, and 730 taken togetherrepresent the rules enacted according to a new operating state. Controlcommences at block 705.

At block 705, the functionality controller 410 analyzes power level andpower consumption identified in the operating state to determine ifactions should be taken to prolong the remaining power of the computingdevice 300. If the functionality controller 410 determines that therehas been a change, control moves to 710. However, if change is notdetected, control moves to block 715.

At block 710 the functionality controller 410 implements adjustments tothe functionality of the computing device for energy conservationpurposes. For example, the functionality controller 410 either removesrestrictions on energy usage or takes mitigating actions to prolong theremaining battery power. For example, if at block 715, power consumptionis identified as high, the functionality controller 410 determines allprocesses running on the computing device 300. Then, the functionalitycontroller 410 identifies all processes executing that are non-essentialto maintaining the operation of the trading application and/or computingdevice 300. Once these processes are identified, the functionalitycontroller 410, in cooperation with the processor 312 of the computingdevice 300, adjusts (e.g., kills, reduces status, idles, suspends, etc.)one or more unessential processes. That is, an unessential process isone which is deemed not useful to continue stable execution of thetrading application and the computing device 300. If the powerconsumption is normal, the functionality controller 410 determinesbattery level before taking action against running processes. In theevent the power consumption is low, no action is taken, and thefunctionality controller 410 begins a power level check.

At block 715, the power level check is implemented at the functionalitycontroller 410. If the power level is determined to be one of externalpower or normal, all implemented energy based restrictions are removedfrom operation of the device and no further energy based adjustments areimplemented. If the functionality controller 410 determines that thepower level is low or critical, then one or more actions may be takenautomatically or presented to the user for approval. For example, thecommunication radios (e.g., Wi-Fi™, Zigbee™, Bluetooth™ 4G/LTE™) of thecomputing device 300 can be shut down for periods according thetransmission rate of the trading application (e.g., a transmission rateoperation mode). That is, if the transmission rate is set to 5 seconds,the communication radios of the computing device 300 can be shut offuntil the time of transmission has arrived again. When transmissionoccurs, the communication radios can be turned on just long enough tocomplete the transmission and then shut off again. In certain examples,the transmission rate may be adjusted in conjunction with block 730 and,any change at block 730 in the transmission rate will be noted andfollowed here at block 710. In some examples, power management optionstaken accepted in this block may be learned and stored over time so thatdistracting options are not provided during low power situations.

For example, if, in the event the power level is at the critical level,the functionality controller 410 removes a user's choice andautomatically implements all optioned changes mentioned above. Forexample, all peripherals may be unpowered and peripheral communicationmay be halted, all applications and unessential processes are closed,the screen is dimmed, and the communication radios enter a lowtransmission rate state indicative of an example power save operationmode.

At block 715, the functionality controller 410 determines if a change inpresentation is necessary or desirable. For example, the functionalitycontroller 410 identifies changes to the operating factor measurementsof the operating state of activity and/or environment by comparing thelast operating factor measurements of activity and/or environment. Suchchanges to the activity or the environment may prevent the computingdevice 300 from operating as intended. For example, a noisy environmentmay not be conducive to the use of audio notifications. In otherexamples, a rapid moving computing device 300 may not need to present aplethora of information if it is incapable of being interacted with. Ifno change is detected to the operating factor measurements of activityand/or environment, control proceeds to block 725. However, if change isdetected to the operating factor measurements of activity and/orenvironment, control proceeds to block 720.

At block 720, presentation changes are implemented with respect to howinformation is offered by the trading application through changes to thegraphical user interface and/or notification schemes used by the tradingapplication. The changes implemented at the graphical user interface ofthe trading application may be individually customized by the user ofthe trading application in response to operating states. For example, ifthe operating state indicates that a measurement of the activity factoris unstable (e.g., a rapidly changing gyroscope measurement), then onlyinformation deemed pertinent by the user will be displayed in asimplified graphical format on the computing device 300. For example,when an operating state denotes a jostling movement (e.g., running), itis unlikely that undivided attention is given to the computing device300 or trading application and, thus, only select information may bedisplayed. In some examples, if the operating state identifies that thecomputing device 300 is in a situation too noisy to utilize audiblenotifications, the notification scheme may be altered to provide acombination of vibration and visual alerts (e.g., utilizing the LEDflash of a camera associated with the computing device 300). From theforegoing, it will be appreciated that adjustments are implemented atblock 720 to intuitively react to the operating state to provide a moreoptimal presentation of information of the computing device 300 and/ortrading application. Control then proceeds to block 725.

At block 725, the functionality controller 410 determines if theoperating state dictates that a change to transmission rate of thecomputing device 300 is necessary. The functionality controller 410identifies any changes to the operating state of power level, powerconsumption, activity, or environment. If no change is detected, controlreturns to block 505 of FIG. 5. However, if change is detected, controlproceeds to block 730.

At block 730, the functionality controller 410 analyzes the operatingstate to determine if the transmission rate of the computing device 300and/or the trading application should be changed by analyzing a powerlevel factor and an activity factor. In some examples, adjustments tothe transmission rate may be customized. For example, if the power levelfactor is deemed normal or externally sourced, restrictions implementedon the transmission rate of the trading application may be removed andthe transmission rate may remain at (or return to) a first transmissionrate. In some examples, if the power level factor is deemed low, asecond transmission rate restriction may be implemented to slow thetransmission rate with respect to the first transmission rate. In otherexamples, if the power level factor is deemed critical, a thirdtransmission rate restriction may be implemented at a third rate thatoperates slower than both the first and second transmission rates. Insome examples, if the functionality controller 410 determines that theactivity factor in the operating state is not stationary; thetransmission rate may be slowed due to an inferred lack of userattention. For example, if the activity of the computing device 300 isdeemed to be non-stationary, the transmission rate may be at a secondrate of a longer duration. Control then returns to block 505 of FIG. 5.

In operation, for example, assume a user begins operating a tradingapplication on a computing device 300 including an operational controlmodule 400. In this example, the operational control module 400 monitorsa power level factor, a power consumption factor, an activity factor,and an environmental factor. The energy monitor 402 of the operationalcontrol module 400 identifies an external power source and informs theoperating state identifier 408. The operational control module 400identifies a first operating state. The functionality controller 410identifies a first rule set associated with the first operating state.The first rule set identified by the functionality controller 410indicates no adjustment(s) to be implemented to the operation of thetrading application or functionality of the computing device 300. Thefunctionality controller 410 implements no changes, and the computingdevice 300 and trading application continue to operate. Subsequently, auser removes the computing device 300 from an external power source(e.g., a wall outlet). At some time later, the operational controlmodule 400 identifies a second operating state denoting an activityfactor indicative of jogging associated with the user of the computingdevice 330. The second operating state has a power level factor ofnormal, a power consumption factor of normal, and an environmentalfactor of low light, and normal sound. In response to the activityfactor and environmental factor of the second operating state, thefunctionality controller 410 identifies a second rule set. The secondrule set indicates changes to be implemented in a jogging and low lightindication. Rules regarding the environmental factor indicate that thescreen of the computing device 300 is to be dimmed. Rules regarding theactivity factor (e.g., jogging), indicate that the transmission rate ofthe trading application of the computing device 300 is to be extended toa second rate longer than the previous rate. The functionalitycontroller 410 then dims the screen of the computing device 300 whileconcurrently delaying the transmission rate of the computing device 300to a second rate, longer than the first rate.

As another example, if the computing device 300 is identified by theactivity monitor 404 of the operational control module 400 as face-downand stationary, the transmission rate would be lengthened. If thecomputing device 300 is identified in the activity factor as face-downand not moving, it may be inferred that a user of the computing device300 is not actively participating with the computing device 300. In someexamples, an orientation (e.g., portrait or landscape) may be identifiedas a common orientation by the operating state identifier 408. Upondetection of a transition to the un-common orientation by the activitymonitor 404 of the operational control module 400, the transmission ratemay be suspended in order to view the current information on thecomputing device.

As another operational example, if the activity monitor 404 of theoperational control module 400 determines that the computing device 300is moving (e.g., accelerating at a rate greater than +/−3 meters persecond squared (m/s²) in any axis) and the attitude of the computingdevice 300 is unable to be determined, it may be inferred from theactivity factor that the device is moving rapidly and may not beeffectively viewed. In such an operating state the operational controlmodule 400 may lengthen the transmission rate to a longer period andtake power conservation actions due to an inferred lack of interaction.

It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the examples providedherein present example adjustment options available to the operationalcontrol module 400. The ranges and ratings provided herein for themeasurements associated with the modules of the operational controlmodule are adjustable and not to be read as limiting, inflexible, orunadjustable. Additionally or alternatively, the adjustments describedherein are likewise customizable and/or adjustable.

Some of the described figures depict example block diagrams, systems,and/or flow diagrams representative of methods that may be used toimplement all or part of certain embodiments. One or more of thecomponents, elements, blocks, and/or functionality of the example blockdiagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may be implemented alone or incombination in hardware, firmware, discrete logic, as a set of computerreadable instructions stored on a tangible computer readable medium,and/or any combinations thereof, for example.

The example block diagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may beimplemented using any combination of application specific integratedcircuit(s) (ASIC(s)), programmable logic device(s) (PLD(s)), fieldprogrammable logic device(s) (FPLD(s)), discrete logic, hardware, and/orfirmware, for example. Also, some or all of the example methods may beimplemented manually or in combination with the foregoing techniques,for example.

The example block diagrams, systems, and/or flow diagrams may beperformed using one or more processors, controllers, and/or otherprocessing devices, for example. For example, the examples may beimplemented using coded instructions, for example, computer readableinstructions, stored on a tangible computer readable medium. A tangiblecomputer readable medium may include various types of volatile andnon-volatile storage media, including, for example, random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM),electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electricallyerasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, a hard disk drive,optical media, magnetic tape, a file server, any other tangible datastorage device, or any combination thereof. The tangible computerreadable medium is non-transitory.

Further, although the example block diagrams, systems, and/or flowdiagrams are described above with reference to the figures, otherimplementations may be employed. For example, the order of execution ofthe components, elements, blocks, and/or functionality may be changedand/or some of the components, elements, blocks, and/or functionalitydescribed may be changed, eliminated, sub-divided, or combined.Additionally, any or all of the components, elements, blocks, and/orfunctionality may be performed sequentially and/or in parallel by, forexample, separate processing threads, processors, devices, discretelogic, and/or circuits.

While embodiments have been disclosed, various changes may be made andequivalents may be substituted. In addition, many modifications may bemade to adapt a particular situation or material. Therefore, it isintended that the disclosed technology not be limited to the particularembodiments disclosed, but will include all embodiments falling withinthe scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: obtaining data at a firsttime from at least one sensor of a mobile computing device, the at leastone sensor arranged to provide data regarding at least one operatingfactor for the mobile computing device, the mobile computing deviceconfigured to receive market data and execute a trading application;analyzing the data obtained from the at least one sensor to determinethe at least one operating factor; determining a first operating stateof the mobile computing device based on the at least one operatingfactor; and altering a transmission rate of the mobile computing devicewith respect to the trading application based on the first operatingstate, the transmission rate having a specified interval in which themobile computing device requests and receives market data.
 2. A methodas defined in claim 1, wherein the at least one operating factor is atleast one of a power level factor, a power consumption factor, anenvironmental factor, and an activity factor.
 3. A method as defined inclaim 1, wherein analyzing the data obtained from the at least onesensor to determine the at least one operating factor further comprises:determining an environmental factor based on at least one of light andaudio data, the light and audio data gathered using the at least onesensor.
 4. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein analyzing the dataobtained from the at least one sensor to determine the at least oneoperating factor further comprises: determining an activity factor basedon at least one of motion and orientation data, the motion andorientation data gathered using the at least one sensor.
 5. A method asdefined in claim 1, wherein altering further comprises altering at leastone of process execution, power distribution, notification scheme,graphical user interface display, peripheral control, and applicationexecution with respect to the trading application based on the firstoperating state.
 6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the firstoperating state is indicative of a level of user attention with respectto the trading application of the mobile computing device.
 7. A methodas defined in claim 1, further comprising: predicting a second operatingstate based on at least the first operating state and the first time. 8.A method as defined in claim 1, further comprising: obtaining data at asecond time using the at least one sensor associated with the mobilecomputing device; analyzing the data obtained at the second time fromthe at least one sensor to determine the at least one operating factor;determining a second operating state of the mobile computing devicebased on the at least one operating factor; and altering thetransmission rate of the mobile computing device with respect to thetrading application based on the second operating state.
 9. A systemcomprising: a mobile computing device configured to: obtain data at afirst time from at least one sensor of the mobile computing device, theat least one sensor arranged to provide data regarding at least oneoperating factor for the mobile computing device, the mobile computingdevice further configured to receive market data and execute a tradingapplication; analyze the data obtained from the at least one sensor todetermine the at least one operating factor; determine a first operatingstate of the mobile computing device based on the at least one operatingfactor; and alter a transmission rate of the mobile computing devicewith respect to the trading application based on the first operatingstate, the transmission rate having a specified interval in which themobile computing device requests and receives market data.
 10. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the at least one operating factor is at leastone of a power level factor, a power consumption factor, anenvironmental factor, and an activity factor.
 11. The system of claim 9,further configured to: determine an environmental factor based on atleast one of light and audio data, the light and audio data gatheredusing the at least one sensor.
 12. The system of claim 9, furtherconfigured to: determine an activity factor based on at least one ofmotion and orientation data, the motion and orientation data gatheredusing the at least one sensor.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein themobile computing device is further configured to alter at least one ofprocess execution, power distribution, notification scheme, graphicaluser interface display, peripheral control, and application executionwith respect to the trading application based on the first operatingstate.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein operating state is indicativeof a level of user attention with respect to the trading application ofthe mobile computing device.
 15. The system of claim 9, furtherconfigured to predict a second operating state based on at least thefirst operating state and the first time.
 16. The system of claim 9,further configured to: obtain data at a second time using the at leastone sensor associated with the mobile computing device; analyze the dataobtained at the second time from the at least one sensor to determinethe at least one operating factor; determine a second operating state ofthe mobile computing device based on the at least one operating factor;and alter the transmission rate of the mobile computing device withrespect to the trading application based on the second operating state.17. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprisinginstructions that, when executed, cause a mobile computing device to atleast: obtain data at a first time from at least one sensor of themobile computing device, the at least one sensor arranged to providedata regarding at least one operating factor for the mobile computingdevice, the mobile computing device further configured to receive marketdata and execute a trading application; analyze the data obtained fromthe at least one sensor to determine the at least one operating factor;determine a first operating state of the mobile computing device basedon the at least one operating factor; and alter a transmission rate ofthe mobile computing device with respect to the trading applicationbased on the first operating state, the transmission rate having aspecified interval in which the mobile computing device requests andreceives market data.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable storagemedium of claim 17, wherein the at least one operating factor is atleast one of a power level factor, a power consumption factor, anenvironmental factor, and an activity factor.
 19. The non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructionsfurther cause the mobile computing device to: determine an environmentalfactor based on at least one of light and audio data, the light andaudio data gathered using the at least one sensor.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein theinstructions further cause the mobile computing device to: determine anactivity factor based on at least one of motion and orientation data,the motion and orientation data gathered using the at least one sensor.21. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17,wherein the instructions are further cause a mobile computing device toalter at least one of process execution, power distribution,notification scheme, graphical user interface display, peripheralcontrol, and application execution with respect to the tradingapplication based on the first operating state.
 22. The non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein operating state isindicative of a level of user attention with respect to the tradingapplication of the mobile computing device.
 23. The non-transitorycomputer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the instructionsfurther cause the mobile computing device to predict a second operatingstate based on at least the first operating state and the first time.24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17,wherein the instructions further cause the mobile computing device to:obtain data at a second time using the at least one sensor associatedwith the mobile computing device; analyze the data obtained at thesecond time from the at least one sensor to determine the at least oneoperating factor; determine a second operating state of the mobilecomputing device based on the at least one operating factor; and alterthe transmission rate of the mobile computing device with respect to thetrading application based on the second operating state.